What serious condition can result from infection with E. coli 0157:H7?

The correct answer is Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) because this condition is a severe complication that can arise from an infection with E. coli O157:H7, which is a pathogenic strain of the bacteria Escherichia coli. HUS is characterized by a triad of symptoms: hemolytic anemia, acute kidney failure, and a low platelet count. This syndrome primarily affects children and can lead to serious health complications, including long-term kidney damage or even death.

The association of E. coli O157:H7 with HUS is significant because the toxin produced by this strain can damage the lining of blood vessels, particularly those in the kidneys, which is what leads to the symptoms of HUS. In contrast, while gastroenteritis (inflammation of the stomach and intestines) can occur due to other strains of E. coli and can also be caused by various pathogens, it is generally a less severe condition than HUS. Food allergies and cholera are unrelated to E. coli O157:H7 infections, making them inappropriate answers to the question. Understanding the association between E. coli O157:H7 and HUS is crucial for food safety and public health, emphasizing the importance of proper food handling and hygiene