How do pathogenic bacteria typically reproduce?

Pathogenic bacteria typically reproduce through a process called binary fission, wherein a single bacterial cell divides into two identical daughter cells. This method allows for rapid growth and multiplication, facilitating the spread of infection.

In binary fission, the bacterial cell replicates its genetic material, increases in size, and then splits into two cells that each contain a copy of the original DNA. This method is a straightforward and efficient way for bacteria to proliferate, which is critical in contexts such as food safety where understanding how bacteria spread can inform proper handling and prevention strategies.

Other methods mentioned, such as merging with other cells, altering structure, or absorbing nutrients from other bacteria, do not characterize how pathogenic bacteria reproduce but rather describe aspects of bacterial interaction or survival. Thus, focusing on dividing mechanisms highlights the fundamental reproductive strategy of these organisms.